How to Treat Mental Health Conditions Essay - 1039 Words

All treatments for mental health conditions are based on hypotheses that seek to explain their aetiology. These tend to be reductionist models approaching the problem from one dimension of the biopsychosocial paradigm. Unsurprisingly this approach is far from effective. Four models and therapies will be described and evidence that offers support or otherwise will be discussed. It will then be concluded that to improve therapy success rates a multidimensional approach faithful to the biopsychosocial paradigm is required. The monoamine hypothesis of mood disorders is a biological model which states that low levels of monoamine neurotransmitters cause depression. Evidence for this comes from the observation in drug studies that decreasing†¦show more content†¦In Pavlovs famous experiment dogs were conditioned to salivate on hearing a bell because it was previously associated with food (Toates, 2010, P. 23-24). Classical conditioning could explain phobia acquisition if we assume that phobias are learned behaviour and classical conditioning is a type of learning. Support for this comes from the Little Albert experiment where an infant was conditioned to be scared of a rat by pairing its exposure with a loud noise (McLannahan, 2010, pp. 107-108). Treatment using the classical conditioning model would be to extinguish the conditioned response. Graded exposure therapy is used to achieve this whereby the feared stimulus is gradually presented to the patient without the unconditional stimulus until the fearful response has gone (Toates, 2010, p. 39). However graded exposure doesnt work for everybody and can increase fear. This may be because phobias are in-fact â€Å"dysfunctional habituation responses† to an adaptive behaviour and have an evolutionary origin. A phobic person never becomes used to stimuli that they are biologically prepared to fear. There is also some debate as to whether Little Albert had a phobia induced as attempts at replication proved fruitless (McLannahan, 2010, pp. 107-109). The susceptibility model states that it is impossible for individuals with a certain genetic make-upShow MoreRelatedSuicide Is Responsible For Nearly 4500 Deaths994 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence that can cause bad mental health. The United States has much history of mental health issues. In the earlier years, hospitals dealt with many people that who had mental health conditions. It was said to be for â€Å"ways in which trends in psychiatry and cultural understanding of mental illness influence† (Module 2). Meaning that they wanted to see how and why people had these conditions. In many cultures such as Ancient Egyptian, Indian and more, they categorized a mental illness as a problem. AndRead MoreMental Illness Among Prisons And The United States1576 Words   |  7 PagesIf a society is to be judged how it treats its most disadvantaged members, then the United States is in a very lowly state of affairs. The United States currently incarcerates over 356,000 individuals diagnosed with some form of mental illness. This is ten-fold the number of people receiving treatment in psychiatric hospitals, around 35,000 (Frances). Leaving us with the question, when did suffering from a mental illness become a cr ime worthy of incarceration? Doubt no longer remains as to if theRead MoreEssay on Speech: History of Mental Illness991 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech: History of Mental Illness Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how treatment of mental illness in America has changed. Central Idea: Treatment of mental illness in America from past, to present. INTRODUCTION I What is Mental Illness? Mental illnesses are disorders of the brain that disrupt a persons thinking, feeling, moods, and ability to relate to others-and if severe interferes with all aspects of daily living. Read MoreBirth Defects in differenct Cultures1229 Words   |  5 Pages Since the 1960s, the federal government introduced ways that mentally ill patients could live outside a mental hospital, where they were confined from the general public, and live a normal life. Many communities and mental centers were built to allow continuous and efficient care for those patients from their homes. Yet, the question remains whether or not the whole world has accepted mental illnesses. Many believe that the mentally ill should be hidden from society out of shame and humiliationRead MoreAbnormal Psychology And Mental Health Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesset out by the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC, 2014). Furthermore, as a student ambulance clinician I now recognise the relevance of possessing non-technical skills as well as an in-depth knowledge of theoretical subjects such as ethics and law, professionalism and abnormal psychology is equally essential for efficient patient care. I have chosen to demonstrate my understanding of this module by focussing on the subject of abnormal psychology, in particular mental ill-health. I was interestedRead MoreMental Health Awareness And Improvement Act802 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Awareness and Improvement Act The shortage of aid for treating mental health disorders is often disregarded as inconsequential because of a lack of awareness surrounding the subject. Both the general public and policy makers seem blind to the prevalence of the problem, even though mental illness affects 1 in 5 Americans and costs the country an estimated $247 billion dollars annually (Blumenthal, 2015). The Mental Health Awareness and Improvement Act of 2015 was written to address mentalRead MoreAn Individual s Health Status Of Your Vulnerable Group1700 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL ILLNESS Predisposing factors and how it presents in the lifestyle/health status of your vulnerable group. An individual’s mental health or psychological well being determine if the person will be able to lead a fulfilling life. Mental health may affect a person’s emotional, social, and personal aspect of their life. Individuals who have biological relative with mental illness, exposure to toxins, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy, stress, chronic medical condition, brain damage, traumaticRead MoreSolutions to Patients Medical Illnesses other than Drugs872 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades there has been an immense increase in the popularity of psychiatric medication. Dr. Rex Cowdry a psychiatrist and director of National Institute of Mental Health admits, â€Å"We do not know the causes [of any mental illness]. We don’t have the methods of ‘curing’ these illnesses yet. If psychiatrists expect to cure a mental disease, how will they if they dont even know the source of a disease? Psychiatric medications are currently being over prescribed, and cause much more harm than good.Read MoreCrazy : A Father s Search Through America s Mental Health Madness Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe organic source of mental illness and â€Å"appropriate† ways to treat/care for those suffering with a mental illness has been professionally, legally, and ethically debated for years. Society’s depiction of mental illness and skewed perceptions of this population has deemed those with a mental disorder incurable. These thoughts and beliefs date back to the 17th century and continue to be an undercurrent in today’s society, even after many efforts have been employed to properly inform society. In theRead MoreMental Illness Is A Condition That Affects Millions Of Americans1289 Words   |  6 PagesMental illness is a condition that affects millions of Americans, but with the correct treatment, it is becoming more and more possible to live close to a normal life. It is estimated that one in five Americans experienced some form of menta l health issue within the last year. The most common form of mental illness experienced in the United States is anxiety disorders (Kinsman), which affect nearly 40 million Americans. The second most common is depression, affecting approximately 19 million Americans

New Zealand Television Limited Essay - 1177 Words

Overview The estimated equity of New Zealand Television Limited is to be NZ$550 million. The implied share price value with 140 million shares is estimated to be $3.93. The expression of interest to acquire 10% stake of New Zealand Television is approximately $0.55 per share, of which total equity value is $55 million. Background Television New Zealand Limited (TVNZ) is publicly known as Crown-owned national broadcaster in New Zealand and parts of the Pacific region. It was initially created through the merger of TV ONE and TV2 along with The Television New Zealand Act 2003 and a broad of directors appointed by the Minister Broadcasting and the Minister of Finance. TVNZ currently operates five main channels, which are TV ONE, TV2, TV ONE plus, TV2+1 and Kidzone24 respectively, and is owning 44.9% interest in Freeview Limited. High ratio of total equity over total assets and near-zero gearing ratio indicate that TVNZ is heavily funded by equity and low level of debt, generally a small portion of loan and borrowings. With adequate equity, TVNZ is expanding through transmissions of programmes and integrated advertising opportunities. They relinquished its stake in both Hybrid Television Services and Igloo and is now paying more attention on TVNZ OnDemand as a new platform for launching more innovative service in the future. TVNZ gains 95% of their revenue coming from commercial activity – mainly advertising. Another approximately 5% of their revenue, earned from governmentShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces Analysis On New Zealand Cinema Industry1208 Words   |  5 PagesPorter s five forces analysis on New Zealand Cinema Industry New Zealand cinema industry can be referred as the production, post production, film distribution and film exhibition (Ministry of Economic Development, 2012). Industry profitability and attractiveness can be identified using Michael Porter s Five Forces analysis. This analysis includes following forces: †¢ Threat of new entrants †¢ Rivalry among existing competitors †¢ Threat of substitutes †¢ Bargaining power of buyers †¢ Bargaining powerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Ballad Of Jed Clampett 1460 Words   |  6 Pagesbluegrass would be the theme song â€Å"The Ballad of Jed Clampett† from the television show The Beverly Hillbillies. The show was one of the few American shows airing on New Zealand television at the time. The Flatt and Scruggs theme tune and Scruggs style banjo influenced player Paul Trenwith, who said â€Å"that’s how I wanted to learn banjo, and we found out there was a whole music genre that went with that, so we chased that up.†[10] Television was one of the key ways that the bluegrass genre was and still isRead MoreEssay The Role And Functions Of New Zealand Government1665 Words   |  7 Pages The New Zealand Government has made significant changes to the economy throughout the last 15 years. The operation and organisation of business activity in New Zealand has been affected by this changing economy. All aspects of the New Zealand Government hav e been altered. The reason for this change was to improve the performance by being more efficient. The key reforms are privatisation and corporatisation of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and restructuring government agencies. The most significantRead MoreEssay938 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1981 there were huge divisions throughout New Zealand due to the South African rugby team touring New Zealand. The tour lasted 56 days in total and started on the 22nd of July at Gisborne and finished 12th of September at Auckland. This tour affected nearly all of New Zealand; families and friends were put against each other - divided by who was for and against the tour. Though the tour itself took place in 1981, however the lead up for it really began in the 1956 when the All Blacks rugby teamRead MorePublic Presence Of Prostitution : Public Stigma And Moral Taint Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated with sex works, makes the location and public presence of sex work heavily disputed. When first introduced, concerns were raised regarding whether acknowledging sex work as a legal occupation would increase the number of sex workers (New Zealand Government 2012). Research, however, suggests that there has been no significant increase in the number of sex workers post-decriminalisation (Abel, Fitzgerald, Brunton 2007). Though it has not increased the number of sex workers, it has allowedRead MoreObesity : The Body Mass Index Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesrelative to height. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines obesity as having a BMI greater than or equal to 30 (World Health Organisation, 2015). New Zealand (NZ) ranks 3rd highest for obes ity rates amongst OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries with 1 in 9 children classified as obese (Statistics New Zealand, 2015). The rate of childhood obesity in NZ has increased from 8% in 2006/7 to 11% in 2014/15 (Ministry of Health, 2015). Obesity is of particular concernRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1440 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most impactful events on New Zealand, and even South African society. The controversial idea of having sporting interactions with apartheid ruled South Africa was not new to New Zealand politics, yet with Prime Minister Robert Muldoon in charge, the situation was escalated to astonishing heights. The violence all around New Zealand, between police, protesters and anti-protestors was immense. The impact that the 1981 â€Å"riots† had on New Zealand was not limited to the obvious sting of having suchRead MoreThe Commonwealth Bank Of Australia1645 Words   |  7 Pagesacross New Zealand, Fiji, Asia, USA and the United Kingdom. Commonly referred to as the Commonwealth Bank (or CBA or Commbank), it provides a variety of financial services. Examples of this are retail, business and institutional banking, funds management, superannuation, insurance, investment and broking services. The Commonwealth Bank is one of the largest listed companies on the Australian Stock Exchange as of August 2015 with brands including Bankwest, Colonial First State Investments Limited, ASBRead MoreThe Medi An Effective Message1637 Words   |  7 Pages5.6 Buzzwords The news media used a few key phrases that were repeated in order to perpetuate positive understandings of the NZDF deployment of troops in Afghanistan. Messages such as ‘NZDF personnel are not going to war’, ‘not just fighting Taliban†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, not just about a war on terror, but also about the overall kindness and affable attitude of New Zealand - reconstruction, hospitals, schools, (He Toki, 2013). The airtime in mainstream media is increasingly limited and these kinds of buzzword portrayRead MorePizza Hut Analysis1007 Words   |  5 Pagespizzas under one roof Famous television advertising Food attracts people of various ranges from young to old. Sound financial situation and international turnover. 100% owned by yum! Pizza Hut sits on top of global full-service restaurant tree Weaknesses †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Threat †¢ †¢ †¢ Rising competition undermines Pizza Hut as consumers go for greater convenience Rising cheese costs threaten margins Threat from Dominos pizza, also from Mc Donald’s who have tried to introduce a new meal that is a Pizza called:

Your Greatest Dream Essay Sample free essay sample

Cipher can be without a dream. Everyone dreams of the hereafter to some extent or another. When we are our age we frequently dream of going an spaceman. a fire-fighter or an histrion. We besides dream of going a universe celebrated sportswoman and to be person like Chad Le Clos. Ernie Els. Victor Matfield or Jaques Kallis. I surely don’t dream about being Oscar Pistorius. We besides dream of fast autos like a Bugatti Veiron or a Ferrari. Unfortunately non all of these dreams are realistic or can be achieved. Very few people become world-famous histrions or sportswomans. When we get older our dreams start to alter and go more mature. We start woolgathering of what profession or calling path we should take once we leave school. We dream of run intoing the right girlfriend or fellow. acquiring married and holding kids of our ain. When we become parents our dreams alter even further and we start to woolgather about the sort of life we can supply for our kids and chances that we can supply to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Your Greatest Dream Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some dreams are far simpler. Person who is homeless and unemployed dreams of a hot shower and a fulfilling repast. These are things that we take for granted. Our dreams are shaped by fortunes. where we live. where we go to school. what our parents do for a life and of class by our ain endowments. I’m still merely 11 old ages old. My greatest dream is to have a Bugatti Veiron which is the fastest auto in the universe.

Secret Crimes Of Compassion Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Secret Crimes Of Compassion Secret Crimes of Compassion To please no one will I prescribe a deadly drug, nor give advice which may cause death. -Oath of Hippocrates This phrase alone supports the very battle cry of those who oppose euthanasia. Their efforts have gone as far as to help make laws forbidding doctor-assisted suicide, including strict procedures for medical staff to determine the competency of an ill patient. But then there are those who wish to make it easier on themselves and even the family and friends, and choose as alternative route the their suffering. Extremely difficult problems arise surrounding the issue of euthanasia: What is the difference between killing someone and letting someone die? Who determines the competency of a terminally ill patient? If a patient is incompetent, who then makes the decisions for him? Most importantly, do we even have the right to die? The question of whether this is a moral battle or a legal battle has yet to be determined. Ever though the issue of suicide may consist of both factors, if one commits suicide successfully, they live neither with the moral guilt nor the face the legal consequences . So then if a second party is involved, it changes the whole story. What is the difference between killing someone and letting someone die? To get a little more technical, these phrases are also known as active and passive euthanasia. If one were to evaluate both of these, he would probably say that letting someone die were a better choice than killing someone. After all, most medical practices in the U.S. allow for the legally. One may be preferred over the other but is that one better than the other? In an example, let's say that a doctor decides to withhold treatment of a patient who is to die in the next couple of days. He does this because he finds it helpless to prolong his suffering. But in actuality, when the doctor withdraws his treatment, the patient takes a lot longer to die and is in more agonizing pain. Once this decision is already made, speeding up his death through active euthanasia looks more preferable over passive euthanasia. So the point is that allowing someone to die may take longer and be more painful, where giving them a letha l injection might be quick and painless (Rachels, 428). Even in today's society, people think it is morally wrong to kill someone rather than letting someone die. But is it really worse? To help answer this question, there is another example that will help illustrate the issue. There was a guy named CJ who was to inherit a lot of money if anything were to happen to his three-year-old nephew. One day his nephew was swimming outside in the pool when CJ came along and drowned him and made it look like an accident. Then there was another guy named Joe who also was to inherit a lot of money if anything was to happen to three-year-old nephew. Well Joe, who decides to kill his nephew, went outside where his nephew was swimming in the pool. To Joe's surprise, he saw that his nephew had slipped, hit his head and fell face first into the water. Joe is excited and stands by to watch him drown and does nothing to save him. Did either one of these guys act any better than the other? If one were to look at it from a moral aspect, one would say that CJ' s actions were morally worse than Joe's because CJ actively killed his nephew. But both of these guys had the same intention, goal and personal gain from the incident. CJ may look like the terrible guy for his actions and Joe may be regarded as a sick individual for watching. But didn't Joe do something? Any way you look at it, these two men committed an act, whether it was passive or active, one is no better than the other. In medical practices today, doctors may not necessarily try to destruct their patients with the same intentions as CJ and Joe. But the possibilities of active and passive euthanasia may be because the doctor may find a patient's life of no use or it